The article deals with the processes of differentiation and integration of territories. Center-periphery processes, including polarization, fragmentation (stratification) and hierarchization, lead to the formation of a multifaceted, fragmented and hierarchical geographical space. Whereas integration processes, including continualization, agglomeration and conglomeration, “stitch” the geographical space and objectively cultivate transition to sustainable and inclusive development of territories. Together, the processes of differentiation and integration lead to the regionalization of geographical space, i.e. formation of regions with effective management and territorial development. All these processes can be observed in real life as is shown by the development of regions and settlements of the Republic of Belarus.